内容正文:
初高中英语语法衔接材料
第七讲:连词
连词是连接单词、短语或句子(包括从句与分句)的词。连词是虚词,在句子中一般不重读,不能单独作句子成分。
连词的分类
并列连词
并列关系
and, when(就在这时=and just at this/that time), not only…but also, neither…nor, both…and
转折关系
but, while (而/尽管), yet, not…but
选择关系
or, either…or, otherwise, or else (否则/要不然)
因果关系
for, so
定语从句
关系
代词
先行词是人
who/that(主语), whom/that(宾语), whose(定语)
注意:非限制性定语从句中不用that
先行词是事或物
which/that(主语或宾语), whose(定语)
关系副词
先行词是时间: when (状语);先行词是地点: where (状语);先行词是reason: why (状语)
名词性从句
连词that
没有词义,不作句子成分,引导宾语从句时可省略;即句子的结构与意义完整时,填that
连词if/whether
意为“是否”,不作句子成分,引导宾语从句时,一般可互换,但在介词后或discuss后引导宾语从句时,只能用whether。但引导其他名词性从句时,一般也只能用whether
连接代词
有意义,作句子成分:who, whom, whose, which, what
连接副词
有词义,作句子成分:when, where, why, how
状语从句
状语从句
时间状语
when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, every time, the moment, hardly…when, no sooner…than, as soon as
地点状语
where, wherever (无论什么地方/不管哪里)
条件状语
if, unless (除非), as/so long as (只要), on condition that (如果), in case (如果/万一)
原因状语
because, since, as, now that (=since 既然、由于)
结果状语
so that (结果), so…that, such…that (如此……以至于……)
目的状语
so that (为了/以便), in order that, in case (以防万一), for fear that (以防/以免)
让步状语
although, though, as (状语或表语要提到as前,作表语的单数可数名词提前时,不用a), even if, even though (即使), whether…or…(不管……还是), whoever (=no matter who), whatever (=no matter what), whenever (=no matter when), whichever (=no matter which)
比较状语
than, as…as, not as…as, not so…as, the same…as, such…as, the more…the more
方式状语
as (像、依照), as if, as though (好像、仿佛)
(一)并列连词:并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:
1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor等。
1)and意为“和,并且”,用于连接对等关系的词、词组或分句;常用于句型“祈使句+逗号+and...”。
Tom and I went to the bookstore yesterday. (and连接两个并列的主语)
我和汤姆昨天去了书店。
He stood up and put on his hat. (and连接两个并列的谓语)
他站起来,戴上了帽子。
Fishing is his hobby,and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure.
(and连接两个分句)
他爱好钓鱼,收集硬币也令他感到快乐。
Try again, and you’ll succeed. (在祈使句中,and前面的部分用来表示条件)
再试一下,你就会成功的。
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