内容正文:
Unit 4 Never too old to learn
Grammar and usage
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句子成分
句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句
主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么
事 名,代,数,不定
式,动名词,短语或
句子 We study in Yaoxiang High School.
谓语 说明主语做什么,是什么或怎
么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English.
表语 与系动词连用,一起构成谓
语,说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a chemist.
His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形,代,数,名,
副,介词短语,不定式, 现在分词,过去分词,句子等 We have seven lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词,表
示动作发生的时间,地点,原
因,目的,方式,结果等 副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,句子等 He works very hard.
They held a party in Hollywood.
宾语
补足语 对宾语进行补充说明 形容词,名词,介词
短语,不定式,现在分词,过去分词等 She always keeps the house
clean.
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简单句 Simple sentences
含有一个主谓结构的句子称为简单句。有时,简单句中包含许多修饰语,使得句子变得很长。要准确地理解句子,需要理清句子的结构,找到主语和谓语。
简单句中有时会包含介词短语,非谓语动词短语,,形容词(短语),独立主格作修饰语。
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简单句 Simple sentences
At the corner of the street stood a drugstore, brilliant with electric lights.
It’s an appointment made twenty years ago.
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简单句 Simple sentences 基本句型
主语 + 不及物动词 ( S + Vi )
主语 + 系动词 + 表 (S + LV + predicative)
主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 ( S + Vt + O)
主语+双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir)
主语 + 宾补动词 +宾语 +宾语补语
(S + Vt. + O + O. compl)
There + be / stand/ lie / live/ exist... (存现句)
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The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
We can’t finish the work in five minutes.
The report sounds interesting.
Will you pass me the dictionary?
We call her Alice.
S +V(主+谓)
S +V + O (主+谓+宾)
S + LV+P (主+系+表)
S + V + IO + DO(主+谓+间宾+ 直宾)
S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
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并列句Compound sentences
并列句是指由并列连词连接的两个或更多的分句构成的句子,常见的并列连词有and,or,but等。要准确理解并列句,需要找到并列连词并弄清楚各分句之间的关系。
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并列关系
常用的连词有and(并且),not only... but (also)...(不仅…而且…),neither...nor...(既不…也不…)等。
e.g. However, I felt cheated and it really depressed me.
Not only does she speak Spanish, but she’s also good at computers. (not only位于句首,其后的分句要部分倒装)
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选择关系
常用的连词有or(或者,否则),not…but…(不是…而是…),whether…or…(是…还是…),either…or…(要么…要么…)
e.g. Either he could not come or he did not want to.
Shall I send the book to you, or will you come to get it?
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转折关系
常用的连词有