第17讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（精讲精练）-【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）

【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用） 第17讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（精讲精炼） 题型目录一览 推测划线单词或短语的含义 推测代词含义 推测划线句含义 ( 一、知识点梳理 ) 1， 词义猜测题目常见的设问方式 1. The word “...” refer to/ probable means______. 2. The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by ______. 3. What do you think the expression “...” stands for? 4. By saying “...” we mean _____. 5. “...” as used in the passage can best be defined as ______. 2， 猜测词义的方法 1， 通过上下文来猜测词义 2， 通过构词法 （1） 转化：形式不变，词性变。如：study n. 研究，调查----v. 学习；free adj. 空闲的---v. 释放。 （2） 合成词：由两个或两个以上的单词构成。如：合成动词 outact, 合成形容词 heart-broken, 合成名词 classmate等。 （3） 派生词：加前缀或后缀。如：dishonest, indifferent, worker, suggestion等。 3， 解题技巧 1， 利用指代关系猜测代词词义：代词指代的内容，要通过仔细阅读前几句的内 容，推测主要是看前面句子所出现的名词或相当于名词的表达。 2. 利用定义词或同位语来猜测词义：通过阅读定义和解释部分，可了解基本含 义。线索词有that, which, is，or，that is, in other words等。还有的同位语 以括号或破折号的形式出现。 3. 利用举例来猜测词义。 4. 利用对比或比较的词语来猜测词义，如反义词或者能体现对比关系的词汇， 主要有but, yet, however,while, instead, on the contrary等。 5. 利用因果关系来猜测词义： 一定的原因会导致一定的结果。常见的表示因果 关系的词汇有：since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently. 6. 利用经验和常识猜测。 题型一推测划线单词或短语的含义 【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷) As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.  After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“I had no i