Unit7 grammar五大基本句型 2022-2023学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册

8A Unit7五大基本句型知识点精析 一、词性 英语词类包括实词与虚词。 英语词性分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、实词：指有实在意义，在句中能独立承担句子成分的词，其一个重要的特点是，实词有词形的变化，尤其是动词，可谓变化多端。 2. 虚词：指没有多少实在意义，在句中不能独立承担句子成分，其一个重要特点是，虚词没有词形的变化。 二、句子成分 （一）主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1 We often speak English in class. 2 One-third of the students in this class are girls. 3 To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 4 Smoking does harm to the health. 5 The rich should help the poor. 6 When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 7 It is necessary to master a foreign language. （二）谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2.复合谓语： 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. （三）表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 1.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. His job is to teach English. His hobby（爱好）is playing football. The truth is that he has never been abroad. （四）宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。 1.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 They planted many trees yesterday. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I enjoy listening to popular music. （五）宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 1.用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room. I want your homework done on time. （六）主补（表语） 对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。 She was found singing in the next room. He w