内容正文:
第3讲 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词如下:
类别
词义
在从句中的作用
从属连词:that
无任何词义
仅起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分
从属连词:if和whether
意为“是否”,表明从句意义的不确定性
起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句子成分
连接代词:who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever
有各自的意义
起连接作用,并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语等
连接副词:when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever
有各自的意义
起连接作用,并在从句中充当状语
在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。
1.从属连词that,whether引导的主语从句。that,whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句,它们在从句中不担任成分,不能省略。
①That you don't like him is none of my business.
你不喜欢她不管我的事。
②Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否会来仍是一个问题。
2.由连接代词引导的主语从句。
(1)连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等,引导主语从句时,它们在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语,不能省略。
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
走得最晚的应当关灯。
(2)what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时,可用来表示the thing(s)which的意思。
(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ写作)What impresses me most is that the tips on how to learn English.
最让我感到印象深刻的是关于如何学习英语的小贴士。
3.连接副词引导的主语从句。连接副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时,它们在从句中担任状语,不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。
Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.
=It is not clear to anyone why he didn't come here.
他为什么没来谁也不清楚。
4.主语从句中it作形式主语常用句型
①It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, possible, likely, probable, certain, wonderful, good, etc.)+that 从句
②It+be+名词词组(no wonder,a pity,an honor, a good thing, no surprise, etc.)+that 从句
③It+be+过去分词(said, thought, reported, expected, announced, decided, etc.)+that 从句
④It+不及物动词(seem, happen, etc.)+that 从句
⑤It doesn't matter(make no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
(2022·全国甲卷)It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to the ocean.
众所周知,众多的人类活动对海洋造成了巨大的危害。
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
1.由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义,一般不省略,whether有词义,意为“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question,trouble,problem,result,chance,suggestion,idea,reason等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。
①The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.
麻烦的事是她把他的钱丢了。
②The q