专题2 第4讲 时态、语态与主谓一致（word教参）-【正禾一本通】2024高考英语高三一轮总复习高效讲义（新教材新高考）

第4讲　时态、语态与主谓一致 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般时 do/does did shall/ will do should/ would do 进行时 am/is/ are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成时 have/ has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done 完成进 行时 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 【 一、一般时态 】 1．一般现在时 (1)表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。 We have meals three times a day. 我们一日吃三餐。 (2)表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。 The sun sets in the west. 太阳从西方落下。 (3)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 I'll write to her when I have time. 有时间我会写信给她。 2．一般过去时 (1)表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。 We often played basketball together. 我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。 (2)表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作，常与every day, often, sometimes, usually 等状语连用。 He usually went to school by bike last year. 去年他经常骑自行车上学。 (3)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 He promised that he would buy some food for us when he came here. 他答应到这里来以后会给我们买些食物。 【 二、进行时态 】 1．现在进行时(am/is/are＋动词­ing) (1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。与现在进行时相对应的时间状语有：now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。 I don't really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 我真的不在这里工作，只是在帮忙，直到新秘书来。 (2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 她明天将动身去北京。 (3)与always, often, forever, constantly, continually等连用时，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，而非强调动作正在进行。 He is always helping others. 他总是帮助其他人。 2．过去进行时(was/were＋动词­ing) (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。与过去进行时相对应的时间状语有：then, at that time, at this time, yesterday等。 He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天一整天他都在准备他的讲座。 (2)表示过去计划或安排在将来会发生的动作(只限于plan, come, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel, stay等)。 He said (that) she was arriving the next day. 他说她第二天会到达。 3．将来进行时(will/shall＋be＋动词­ing) 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。常与at＋时刻＋tomorrow, in the next two months等时间状语连用。 I'll be doing some housework tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我将要干些家务活。 4．现在完成进行时(has/have been＋动词­ing) (1)表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚完成，也可能继续进行下去。常与the