2023年中考英语专题复习五 介词

专题五 介词 1. 表示时间的介词 介词 用法 示例 in 用于上午,下午, 晚上,月份,季节,年份,世纪 In May; in 2022; in the 1700s; in autumn; in the morning 常与一般将来时连用,表示“多久之后” She’ll be back in an hour. on 用于星期, 具体的某一天 on Sunday; on June 1st 用于具体某一天的早、中、晚 on Monday morning=on the morning of Monday at 用于时刻前 at 7:00 用于固定搭配中 at noon; at night; at dusk; at the age of 10 from 表示开始的时间 From now on, I will learn English every morning. since since+时间点/since+时间段+ago,句子常用完成时 He has lived here since 1993. after after+时间点,“在......之后”,与一般将来时连用。 I will play basketball with my friends after 17:00. after+时间段,“在......之后”,与一般过去时连用。 They finished the work after two years. before before+时间点“在......之前” He’ll arrive here before ten. for for+时间段,表示动作持续多久,常用于现在完成时 I have studied English for six years. by by+将来的时间“在.....之前”,常用一般将来时连用 I’ll finish the task by Friday. by+过去的时间“到.....为止”,常用过去完成时连用 We had learnt 1000 English words by the end of last term. until (=till) 用于肯定句,意为“直到......为止” I wait for you until 10 o’clock. 用于否定句,not...until,,,意为“直到......才......” I didn’t go to bed until ten. 2. 表示地点和方位的介词 1. in和at 介词 用法 in in+大地方 at at+小地点 2. in,on和to 介词 用法 图示 in 表示一个个体属于另一个个体,意为“在......中; 在......内” on 表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤,意为“毗邻;接壤” to 表示两个个体之间有一定的距离 3. over, above和on 介词 用法 图示 over 意为“在…上方”(垂直悬空, 正上方),其反义词为under above 意为“在…上面”(不一定是正 上方),其反义词为below on 意为“在…上”,指接触物体表 面或构成物体表面的一部分 4. 其他地点和方位介词 介词 用法 示例 before 在…...前面 He sits before me.他坐在我前面。 behind 在…..后面 He sits behind me.他坐在我后面。 beside 在…...旁边 He sits beside me.他坐在我旁边。 across 从一边到另一边 They ran across the street.他们跑过那条街。 against 紧靠;倚;撞 The rain beat against the windows.雨敲打着窗。 反对;违反 He is against your ideas. 对抗 Our team will play against yours this afternoon. along 沿着;顺着 walk along the road.沿着路 around 围绕;环绕 look around sth.环顾四周 到处;向各处 around the world by 在......旁边 by the river near 在.....附近 near my house opposite 在......对面 The bank is opposite the supermarket. 5. across和through的区别 介词 用法 例句 across 从…表面横穿 He can swim across the river.他能游过这条河。 through 从…中间/内部穿过 She had to push her way through the crowd