2023年中考英语二轮复习学案 定语从句

定语从句 命题趋势：定语从句是中考必考考点之一，其中以关系代词引导的定语从句最为常见和常考 1 相关概念 ①主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句 ②定语从句：修饰主句中的一个名词或代词的句子是定语从句 ③先行词：先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面 ④关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词 2定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that/which/who/whom/whose等，关系副词包括where/when/why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分 3定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整 4关系代词的基本用法 作主语 作宾语 作定语 指人 Who/that Who/that/whom/省略 Whose 指物 Which/that Which/that/省略 The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world 注意 （1）当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致 He is one of the boys who like playing basketball He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball （2）通常在以下6种情况下只能用that而不能用which ①先行词为all/much/something/everything/nothing/little/none/the one 等代词时 That is all that I want to say ②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which He was the first person that passed the exam This is the most wonderful film that I have seen Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me ③以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that Who is the girl that is crying ④先行词被the only/the very/the same/the last/little/few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which This is the same bike that I lost Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that he knows ⑤先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room ⑥先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时 It’s a book that will help you a lot ⑦主句是there be结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom （3） 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况 ①先行词为that、whose时，用which，而不用that What’s that which is under the desk ? ②关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that This is the room in which he lives ③引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that Tom came back which made us happy 5关系副词的基本用法 （1） when