第01讲 Unit 1语法 过去完成时（选择性必修第二册）-【暑假自学课】2024年新高二英语暑假精品课（译林版2020）

第01讲 过去完成时 1．了解过去完成时解题方法与技巧。 2．进行过去完成时真题训练。 过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 　 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 　 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 　 She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. （二）过去完成时的主要用法　 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。多与 already，yet，still，just，before，never 等时间副词及 by，before，until等引导的短语或从句连用。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. （三）过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by, by the end of, before + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （ 2 ） By the time,When ,Before+ 一过从句。如： By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000. Before he volunteered to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 　 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 　 She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： 　 When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran out. 　 注意： before, after 引导的时间