时态和语态知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

时态和语态的概念： 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。 语态是指主语与谓语动词之间的关系，分为主谓关系（主动）和动宾关系（被动）。在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者 以work为例谓语动词在不同时态下的形式（主动语态） 形态 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 work works am/is/are working have/has worked have/has been working 过去 worked was/were working had worked had been working 将来 will work will be working will have worked will have been working 过去 将来 would work would be working would have worked would have been working 以work为例谓语动词在不同时态下的形式（被动语态） 形态 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 am/is/are worked am/is/are being worked have/has been worked \ 过去 was/were worked was/were being worked had been worked \ 将来 will be worked \ will have been worked \ 过去 将来 would be worked \ would have been worked \ 一．一般时 1.一般现在时(do/does) (1)表示经常性的、规律性、习惯性的动作或行为。常与often, usually, every day等时间状语连用。 He goes to school at six every day. He usually spends summer in the mountains. (2) 表示现在所处的状态，一般性的事实，或普遍真理。 My parents live in a village near the Swiss border. England and France are separated by the English Channel. The earth moves around the sun. (3)代替将来时(主将从现) ①由when, before, after, as soon as, once, until等引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，用现在时表将来。 ②表示按计划、时间表要发生的动作，主语通常是事物，且句中常带有时间状语。 When I _________(graduate), I’ll go to the countryside. If he _________(come) this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting. The train ___________(leave)at nine in the morning. 2. 一般过去时(did) (1)某个特定时间发生且已完成的动作； He saw Mr. Wang yesterday. (2)存在或持续了一段时间的某种状态；Roman Empire existed for centuries. (3)经常发生，或多次反复，或一连串的动作或行为。She slept very badly whenever she stayed with her grandparents. (4)代替一般现在时。 ①谈论过去，主句用过去时，为配合时态一致，即便所说情况现在依然存在，从句也用过去时。 I found that Harbin was a very beautiful city. ②虚拟语气结构中，过去时表现在I wish you lived closer to us. (5) 对已去世的人的情况描述 Edison was a great inventor. 3. 一般将来时(will do/其它形式） (1)表“预测”，即根据分析判断认为某事肯定会发生，或某人肯定会做某事。The weather will probably be good tomorrow. (2)表“意愿和决心”，指个人的意愿，所作的承诺或强调所下的决心。I will go and get you some food to eat. (3)表示“必然的趋势或结果”，与安排或意愿无关。I wil