动名词、现在分词知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

现在分词 doing 1. 现在分词的形式 现在分词的时态和语态形式如下表所示： 时态形式 语态形式 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 注意：其否定形式是在doing之前加not （1） 现在分词的一般式与谓语动词同时发生的动作 ①We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing. ②The little boy went away,crying. ③Following the guide, we walked through the forest. （2） 现在分词的完成式表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作 Having finished the work, she got ready to go shopping. （3） 现在分词的被动形式 ①The question being discussed is of great importance. ②Having been seriously injured in the accident,he had to be taken to the hospital immediately. 2. 现在分词的句法功能 现在分词相当于形容词，在句中作定语、表语、补语和状语 （1） 作定语 单个的现在分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面，现在分词短语作定语往往 放在被修饰词的后面。 an interesting book, an exciting experience, a missing child, ①The man sitting at the back is Mr Smith. ②Those people wishing to join this club should sign here. （2） 作表语 作表语的现在分词，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质或特征。 ①The report is very encouraging. ②The result of the game was disappointing. (3) 作补语 现在分词作补足语分为两种情况：一种是形容词性质的现在分词作补语；一种是 具有动作性质的现在分词作补语 ①形容词性质的现在分词作补语 I find this movie very interesting. We all think the speech very inspiring. ②动词性质的现在分词作补语 感官动词（see,watch,notice,discover,hear,find,listen to,look at,feel等）表示“看见/注意到/发现/感觉某人正在做某事” 使役动词(have,get,leave,keep等)后可跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，或“让某人持续做某事” With+名词/代词+doing I smelt something burning. Don’t keep the children working on their lessons all day. She noticed him carrying a bag. With the boy leading the way, I found the village easily. （3） 作状语 现在分词在句中可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随或方式状语、目 的状语、评论性状语 ①作时间状语 现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时或相继发生； 现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生； 作时间状语的现在分词前有时可加上when,while等连词 Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. Having finished his speech,he answered our questions. When reading the newspaper, I heard the doorbell ring. ②作原因状语 Living far from the school,I have to get up early every morning. Not knowing her address or phone number, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Having suffered such heavy pollution,it may now be too late to clean up the river. ③作结果状语