过去分词知识梳理-2024届高考英语一轮语法复习

过去分词 1． 过去分词的构成和形式 规则动词的过去分词在动词原形后加-ed。否定形式是在过去分词前加not。过去分词只有一般式。 （1） Given enough care, the children can cooperate better. （2） Not treated in time, the injured woman died soon. 2． 过去分词的句法功能 主要作表语、定语、补语、状语 1. 作表语 过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构表状态，此时的过去分词相当于形容词 （1） I was amazed at the news. （2） I’m afraid you are slightly drunk. 2. 作定语 单个的过去分词作定语放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，放在修饰词的后面。及物动词的过去分词作定语常常表示被动和完成，但不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示完成。 （1） 表示被动和完成 used books a written report cooked food a book written by Lu Xun the language spoken in that country （2） 只表示完成 a retired teacher the fallen leaves faded flowers 3. 作补语 过去分词作宾补说明宾语的性质和状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。句子由主动变为被动时，宾补相应地变成主补 （1） 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等词的后面 ①He passed away, leaving his works unfinished. ②Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question. （2） 过去分词用在使役动词have/get/make后 ①He wants to have/get his eyes examined tomorrow. ②Jenny found a good way to have her English improved in a short period. ③They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English. （3） 感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find后 ①When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. ②The next morning people found the world outside their houses completely changed. （4） 表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like,want,wish,expect,order后 The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week. （5） 过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系 With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey. 4. 作状语 时间状语，原因状语，条件状语，方式状语，伴随状语等 （1） 作时间状语 可在句首，句尾，有时可置于主语和谓语之间 ①Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond. ②The boy, asked about his address, didn’t respond. （2） 作原因状语 可在句首，偶尔见于句尾或句中 ①Infected with the H1N1,the little girl was separated from the other children. ②The child behaves very well, well brought up by his parents. （3） 作条件状语 ①Given good health, I hope to finish writing the book this year. ②Seen in the distance, the village looks more beautiful. （4） 作方式或