第04讲 定语从句 (知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)-【暑假自学课】2023年新高一英语暑假精品课（人教版2019必修1）

第04讲 定语从句(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习) 目标 1 掌握限制性定语从句。 目标 2 掌握非限制性定语从句。 目标 3 区分关系词。 基本概念和连接词 1. 基本概念：在英语中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk. 2. 连接词： 关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as； 关系副词：when，where，why. 定语从句类型： 限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句 不同点： 1. 形式上：有无逗号。限制性定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句有逗号。 2. 意义上：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用。 The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular. （限制性关系从句，指任何一个减税的政府） The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular. （非限制性关系从句，补充说明（现任的）政府的情况） 关系代词的用法 1. 关系代词语法功能 （1）代替先行词 （2）它在定语从句中担任一定的成分; （3）同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。如： The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 在本句话中，which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building，同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。 2. 关系代词 （1）who指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语（在从句中作宾语时，可省略） The man( who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. （2）whom指代人，在从句中作宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省） The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li. The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li. （3）whose 是代词的所有格形式，它既可以指代人也可以指代物，在从句中作定语。 I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen.（整合成一句话） →I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book. Its cover is red.（整合成一句话） →Please show me the book whose cover is red. （4）which指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省） These are the trees which were planted last year. The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from? Is this the library from which you borrow books? （5）that多指代物，有时也指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语 I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? （6）as作为关系代词的用法 as引导限制性定语从句，常与such, same等连用： ①such…as…像……那样的 I am just such a little girl as you are. ②the same …as…和……一样的 She bought the same bike as you did. *说明：as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句首、句中、句尾，如： As you know,our band is very popular. 3. 介词+关系代词 介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which指代物，用whom指代人。 This is the hero (who) we are proud of. =This is the hero of whom we