Module 4 现在完成时语法专项二课件2022-2023学年外研版八年级英语下册

M4 现在完成时语法专项二 1.含义：表示动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续延续下去。多与“since +点时间”或“for +段时间”连用。 2.标志词：1. since 2.for I have studied at Hengan School for 2 years. I have worked here since 2 years ago. I have taught English since I came here. 3.标志词since 与for的用法 (1). since 自从……以来，前可加ever加强语气。 段时间+ ago since + 表过去的点时间 一般过去时从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词) (2) for + 段时间 表示某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久； (3) for 或 since 表示的是持续的动作，所以在肯定句和疑问句中必须要用延续性动词。 He has lived here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。 He has lived here since 16 years ago. 他从十六年前起就住在这里了。 He has lived here since 1991. 他从1991年起就住在这里了。 He has lived here since he was born. 他从出生起就住在这里。 4.在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long. --- I have been a teacher since 2 years ago. --- How long have you been a teacher? --- Since two years ago. 5.非延续性动词的用法与意义 (1)有些动词的意义不能持续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，即非持续性动词或短暂性动词， 如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach, fall, get up 等。 I have just came into the classroom . I have been in the classroom for 20 minutes. I have just left my hometown . I have been away from my home since 10 days ago. (2)在现在完成时的肯定句与疑问句中，非延续性动词不能与时间状语连用；若非要连用，借助一下2种方式。 ①改成“be+adj.\adv.”或“be +介词短语”形式 非延续性动词 延续性动词 begin\start come back\here go there open\close die marry finish\end go to bed leave\move 非延续性动词 延续性动词 return get out fall asleep\ill lose come (into) get up join die reach\get to\arrive in(at) become ②用与其意义相对应的动词，常见如下： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 borrow buy\receive\get put on get to know begin to learn\work catch a cold go to sleep (3)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示段时间的状语连用。 I haven't seen him for many years. It is +段时间+since+一般过去时句子 =段时间+has passed +since + 一般过去时句子 It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army. 选用 for和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes