内容正文:
专题二 非谓语动词
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概述
一、非谓语动词的概念及分类
二、非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
在少数情况下,动名词可以作宾语补足语。宾语指所做的事,宾补(动名词)用以说明这件事。
We call this serving the people.
我们把这叫作为人民服务。
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考点分类
考点一 非谓语动词作主语
考点二 非谓语动词作宾语
考点三 非谓语动词作表语
get,become,look,seem,appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged right after failure.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之后不应该气馁。
考点四 非谓语动词作定语
考点五 非谓语动词作状语
考点六 非谓语动词作宾语补足语
感官动词see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel后加do表示动作的完整性;加doing表示动作正在进行。(注意:被动语态中不能省去to)
考点七 含有非谓语动词的重要句式
一、非谓语动词解题的七条经典原则
原则一:作目的状语,原则上要用动词不定式。
原则二:作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词。
原则三:作结果状语时,可用动词ing 或动词不定式。
原则四:凡是表示被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词。
原则五:非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致。
原则六:强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式。
原则七:用于名词后作定语时,动词不定式表示动作尚未发生;动词ing表示动作正在进行,或表示主动意义;过去分词表示动作已经完成,或表示被动意义。
对点训练
①When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there to be trained(train) for a space flight.
②To make(make) this cake,you'll need 2 eggs,175g sugar and 175g flour.
③As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not moving(move),and asked myself what I was going to do.
④The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,letting(let) in the natural light during the day.
⑤He hurried to the cinema,only to find(find) that she had left.
⑥The children talked so loudly at the dinner table that I had to struggle to be heard(hear).
⑦While watching(watch) television,we heard the doorbell ring.
⑧The manager,having made(make) it clear to us that he didn't agree with us,left the meeting room.
⑨There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting to be held(hold) the day after tomorrow.
⑩There are hundreds of visitors waiting(wait) in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh's paintings.
二、非谓语动词解题的四大步骤
1.分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”。
2.分析逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子真正的主语一致。若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。一般来说,非谓语动词作定语时,逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词;作宾语补足语时,逻辑主语为宾语补足语之前的宾语;作表语、宾语或状语时,其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语。
3.分析语态。分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
4.分析时态。
对点训练
①He had