第07讲 名词性从句和定语从句-【暑假自学课】2023年新高三英语暑假精品课（课标全国卷）

2023年新高三英语【暑假自学课】（课标全国卷） 第07讲 名词性从句和定语从句 原卷版 1. 掌握名词性从句连接词的基本用法。 2. 掌握名词性从句时态照应的基本用法。 3. 掌握定语从句关系代词的基本用法。 4. 掌握定语从句关系副词的基本用法。 一、名词性从句 名词性从句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。引导名词性从句的引导词有： 1)连接代词:what(ever),who(ever)，whom(ever),which(ever)，whose。作主语、宾语表语、定语。 2)连接副词:when，where, how, why。作状语、表语。 3)从属连词:that，whether，if不作成分。 （一）that引导的名词性从句 1. 引导主语从句 1) It is/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句。 It is certain that our team will win the game.我们队一定会赢得比赛。 It is no wonder that our team won the game.我们队赢了那场比赛并不足为奇 2)It+不及物动词+that从句。 It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 我没想到你能成功说服他改变主意。 2. 引导宾语从句 1)放在及物动词、形容词或介词之后引导宾语从句。 I truly believe that beauty comes from within.我真的相信美来自内心。 I am afraid that you're mistaken.恐怕你弄错了。 He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生，就是有点儿粗心。 2)及物动词+it+宾补+that从句。 He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已经明确表示他是不会屈服的。 3.放在系动词之后引导表语从句。 My decision is that we're to start at 6:00 am tomorrow.我的决定是我们明天早上6点出发。 4.放在抽象名词之后并对其进行解释说明，引导同位语从句。 The news that we won the game is inspiring.我们赢得比赛的消息鼓舞人心。 （二）连接代词引导的名词性从句 1. what 相当于 the thing(s) that.….,意为“ ……的东西”。 What(=The thing that) they need is a good textbook.他们需要的是一本好课本。 2. whatever 相当于 anything that…,意为…的任何东西”。 You can take whatever (=anything that)you like.你可以拿走你喜欢的任何东西 3. whichever 相当于 any member of a group of people or things that.…,意为“(在某范围之内)……的任何人或物”。 Whichever book he bought would be paid for. (这些书中)无论他买哪一本书都要付款 It doesn’t matter whichever you choose.你选择哪一个对我来说都无所谓。 4.whoever 相当于 anyone who,意为“……的任何人”。 The gold medal will be awarded to whoever(=anyone who) wins first place in the bicycle race. 金牌将会奖给任何在自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。 （三）连接副词when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句 1. 宾语从句: You can't imagine how close we are to success.你无法想象我们离成功有多近。 2. 主语从句: Why he's often absent from class is a mystery.他为什么总是缺课是个谜。 3. 表语从句: I had a cold. That's why I didn’t attend school.我感冒了,因此我没上学。 温馨提醒： why引导的表语从句强调结果；because引导的表语从句强调原因。 I didn't attend school.