专题10 重点语法复习（定语从句）-2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

专题10 重点语法复习（复习定语从句） 定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 (1)who和whom指人, who在定语从句中作主语; whom在定语从句中作宾语, 在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 (2)whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语, 指物时可用of which代替, 指人时可用of whom代替。 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人, 在其他领域常常一无所成。 Children who rarely exercise or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 2. that, which引导的定语从句 (1)that多指物, 有时也指人, 在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语, 作宾语或表语时可省略。 (2)which指物, 在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 作宾语时, 在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外, which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。 (3)下列情况只用that不用which: ①先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词; ②先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰; ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词; ④先行词被the only, the very(正是, 恰是), the last修饰; ⑤先行词中既有人也有物; ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者, 这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。 When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest. 当到了最后决定课程的时候, 我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。 All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人都工作更努力。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词, 从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when, where, why。有时可用“介词+which”结构替换。 2. 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时, 即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 3. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词, 如point, situation, case, stage等, 如果引导词在从句中作状语, 常用关系副词where引导定语从句; 如果作主语、宾语或表语, 则用关系代词that/which。 There are teahouses in the park, where visitors can sit and relax. 公园里有茶馆, 供游人小憩。 It was a busy week for me, when I had to deal with a variety of problems at the same time. 这是我忙碌的一周, 我不得不同时处理各种各样的问题。 The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 They have reached the point where they have t