内容正文:
08动词不定式的用法
第一部分 动词不定式的用法知识梳理
一、构成:to + 动词原形
二、作用:作除谓语外的任何成分
三、动词不定式的作用
句子成分
用法
例句
作主语
谓语动词用单数形式,为避免"头重脚轻"常用it作形式主语。常用句型有:
①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。
②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间"
To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。
作宾语
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan,decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于"动词+it+adj.+to do sth."句型中。it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。
I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。
作定语
动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语,两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系,因此,如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有:time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition
Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗?
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗?
作状语
不定式常可用作状语,修饰动词,表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。
作表语
放在系动词后作表语。
My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。
四.、不定式的特殊用法
①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语,须省略to。此类动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时,省略的to则要加上。
②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do,其被动形式为to be done。
►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。
③常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。
►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。
第二部分 动词不定式的用法专项训练(含解析)
一、单项选择
1.I want ________ more about the world.
A.to learn B.learning C.learn D.learn to
2.I really love sports. Can you tell me how ________ badminton?
A.play B.to play C.playing D.plays
3.—What do we need ___________ for dinner ?
—Some vegetables and cakes.
A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.buys
4.Let ________ and ________ friends.
A.he; I am B.he; I are C.him; me are D.him; me be
5.Playing sports makes him ________ happy.
A.to feel B.feels C.feel D.feeling
6.It