第03讲 定语从句 -【暑假自学课】2023年新高二英语暑假精品课（外研版2019选择必修1）

第03讲 定语从句 1. 复习定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的用法。 2. 掌握定语从句在阅读写作的运用。 定语是什么？ 基本概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。 先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； B. 必在从句中作某个句子成份 C, 指代先行词 关系词 指代人或物 定语从句中充当的成分 关系 代词 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物或主句内容 主语、宾语 who 人 主语或宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语 关系 副词 when 时间 状语 where 地点 状语 why 原因 状语 定语从句三步曲： 第一找出先行词； 第二找出定语从句 第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句 考点一：关系代词+不完整从句 考向1：关系代词基本用法 1. 指人时可以用who，也可用that。 1） The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman. 2） Do you know the girl who/that is in red? 2. 指物时可以用which，也可用that。 1) I like music that/which I can dance to. 2) What do you think of the movie that/which was shown last night? 活学活用： 1. I love singers . Singers write their own songs. 改写： who在从句中用作主语。 2. He is the man . I met the man yesterday. 改写： 考向2：关系代词的特殊用法 1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。 1） 指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who. We should help anyone who is in need. 2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who. I’m Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation. 2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。 1） 介词+which There are two chairs in the room, both of which are broken. 2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用which They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. 3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。 （1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 1) I will tell him all that you told me at the ball. 2) The only thing that we could do was to wait. 3) The first place that we visited was the Great Wall. （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。 The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police. （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and books that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ? 例1． 1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody ca