现在完成时态（讲义）牛津上海版（试用本）英语六年级下册

A :现在完成时的概念： ①表示过去发生的动作到对现在造成的影响或结果 The chair broke . (一般过去时态：强调发生过，但对现在没有影响) The chair has broken . (现在完成时态 :强调过去发生对现在造成影响) 椅子不能用 ②表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，还有可能继续延续下去 I have been in Shanghai since I was born . I have been in Shanghai for 11 years . I have been in Shanghai since 11 years ago . B:现在完成四个知识点 a:三个句型：have been to /have gone to /have been in have been to 去了已回（常与次数连用） eg: I have been to America twice. 我去过美国2次 have gone to 去了没回(常用于情景交际) eg：-- Where is your mom ? -- She has gone to Beijing on business . have been in 在某地待了多久 (常与for\since 连用) eg: She has been in Beijing for 5 days She has been in Beijing since 5 days ago . 练习：用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go to形式填空。 1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country yesterday. 2) David ________ the park just now. 4) How long _____ he _____ _____ this village? 5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for 5 years. 6) _____ you ever ______ ______ America? -- Yes, I _____ _______ there many times. 7) I _____ ______ _______this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _____ ______ the farm since I came here. 9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before. 11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo. 12) He often _____ swimming. 13) _____ you ______ there last year? b: for +一段时间 since+时间点（过去时态的时间状语/句子） 练习： 1. ______ two years 2._______ two years ago 3. _______ last month 4.______ 1999 5._______ yesterday 6. _______ 4 o ’ clock 7. ______ 4 hours 8._______ an hour ago 9. _______ we were children 10. _____ lunch time 11.______ she left here 12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 13. I' ve known him __________ we were children. 14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years. 15. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. c:时间状语：already ,yet，just , ever , never ◆ already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。 I've already read this book