内容正文:
【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结(新高考通用)
第06讲 主谓一致(精讲)
题型目录一览
语法一致
逻辑意义一致
就近原则
就远原则
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一、知识点梳理
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一、语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义,则谓语用单数,句子的主语意义复数,则谓语用复数。具体表现如下:
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm. 他父亲正在农场工作。
To study English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。What he said is very important for us all. 他所说的对我们都很重要。The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 两个小时前孩子们在教室。注意:
①由what,who引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是
一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I say is helpful to you. What I bought were three English books.
②两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时,如果是两个概念,用复数形式;如果是一个问题的两个方面,用单数形式。Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.
她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。Where and when to hold the sports meet hasn’t been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。
Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。2.由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用谓语动词的复数形式。
Lucy and Lily are twins. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。Both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.听到消息,男孩和女孩都很吃惊。
注意点请参看下面的“逻辑意义一致原则”。3.either, neither, each, every或no+单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都看作单数。
Each of us has a new book.我们每人都有一本新书。
Everything around us is matter.我们周围每件事都是麻烦。注意:
①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。Neither of the texts is(are)interesting.这两篇文章都很没趣。
②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
None of us has(have)been to America.我们没有人去过美国。4.在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些努力工作的朋友中的一个。He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.他是我唯一努力工作的朋友。
5.如果集体名词指的是整个集体,谓语动词用单数;如果指集体中的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, company, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等。
Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。
注意:people, police, catt