2023年中考英语复习直接引语和间接引语专题讲解

中考英语 直接引语和间接引语 一、直接引语和间接引语的概述 在直接引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语。在用直接引语时，引语前后都要加引号。引导引语的动词称为引用动词，如：say, ask, answer, reply等。引用动词多数放在后面，有时放在前面，间或插在引语中间。在把引用动词放在后面时，有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒(特别是主语较长时)。 【例】 “Who is it?” Ann shouted. “I never eat meat,” she explained. “Sit up,” he commanded, “and hold out your hands.” 当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述的部分称为间接引语。这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。在多数情况下，引语都由连词that引导，但在say, tell等词后可以省略。 【例】He said (that) he had lost the bag. Tell her I am out. 二、把直接引语变成间接引语时，要改变的内容 1.要根据意思改变人称。 2.要根据时态呼应的原则把时态加以调整。 3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要作必要的变动。 三、各种句式变间接引语时要发生的变化 1.陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导 (that可省略)。 【例】 Tony said to me, “ I will leave this book in your desk.” →Tony told me (that) he would leave that book in my desk. 如果直接引语是表示建议、要求、推测、判断的陈述句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。 【例】 Jane said to Tony, “You’d better ask your friends for some advice.” →Jane advised Tony to ask his friends for some advice. →Jane suggested Tony asking his friends for some advice. →Jane advised/suggested that Tony (should) ask his friends for some advice. 2.一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句 直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 【例】 The woman asked me, “Can you show me the way to the nearest bookstore?” →The woman asked me whether/if I could show her the way to the nearest bookstore. 直接引语是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时，通常用连词whether引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 【例】 My friend asked, “Will you come here by bus or by bike?” →My friend asked whether I would go there by bus or by bike. 直接引语是反意疑问句，变为间接引语时，常由连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 【例】 He asked, “This math problem is very difficult, isn’t it? →He asked whether/if that math problem was very difficult. 3.特殊疑问句 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。 【例】 She asked, “Where do you come from, Tom?” →She asked Tom where he came from. 4.表示请求、提议、建议或劝告等意义的疑问句 直接引语如果是此类疑问句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。 【例】 “Could you please tell me something about the trip?” David said to his sister. →David asked his sister to tell him something about the trip. “Why