非谓语动词 作状语知识点讲义 -2023届高考英语复习

非谓语动词作状语 不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。 (一)不定式作状语 1. 不定式作目的状语 In order to可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；so as to 只能放于句中，in order to 和so as to 放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。 To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early. = He gets up early to catch the early bus. Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it. = In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number. 2. 不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中：so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果。 I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down. He is clever enough to be fit for the job. Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone. 比较：He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果) I’m too tired to stay up longer. 注意：only too…to结构中，并非是“太….而不能….”之意，而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有：pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等。 I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。 I’m too willing to help you. 3. 不定式作原因状语 当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动。 This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. （二）分词做状语 分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用。 (not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系 V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系 (not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前 (not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前 1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you. 2.____________(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. 5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students. 6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the sam