非谓语动词 独立主格知识点讲义 -2023届高考英语复习

非谓语动词 独立主格 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致。但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我们称之为独立主格。它的结构特点是： ① 独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语，与主句的主语不同，前后主语不一致；②在独立主格中的状语中，不定式表示还未作，过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动 ③ 独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开。 独立主格的结构为：(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词 1). 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如： The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say. = With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. = _______________________________________________________ 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 2). 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如： The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. = With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= because her glasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. =__________________________________________________________________. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 3). 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. = He is going to make a model plane, with some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 4). 名词/主格代词+形容词。如： An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 = An air accident happened to the plane, with nobody alive. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. =_____________________________ 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5). 名词/主格代词+副词。如： He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. = He put on his sweater , with wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home.=____________________________________________. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6). 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如： The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. = The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 7). There being +名词（代词），being不可省。如： There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 There being no further business, I declare the me