2023年中考英语语法—句子成分和句子结构课件

句子成分和句子结构 Knowledge is power.知识就是力量 一、相关概念 词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。 1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你 3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地 5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 numeral num. three 三 7 冠词 article art. a/an/the 8 介词 preposition prep. at 在... 9 连词 conjunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦 前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。 特别注意 动词分为及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(vi) Vt :后面可以跟宾语 Vi: 后面不能跟宾语 有些词既可以作及物动词也可以做不及物动词,词意一致。 有些词既可以作及物动词也可以做不及物动词,词意不一致。 The meeting began(vi).(开始) We began (vt) the meeting at 6.(开始) The man walked (vi)away.(走) He walked (vt)the dog every day. (遛) 二、句子成分 英语句子的组成部分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、和同位语八种。 注意:表语和系动词一起作谓语。 1.主语 1. 一般是动作的发出者,位于句首。主语常常由名词 代词 数次 动名词 动词不定式等充当。 The boy is twelve. Those apples are delicious. She looks attractive. 2. 形容词,副词或介词短语不能做主语,若在句首,可能是倒装。 倒装语序:On the desk are some books. 正常语序:some books are on the desk. 练习——划出下面的句子主语,并说出由什么充当。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. Smoking does harm to the health The rich should help the poor. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. It is necessary to master a foreign language. That he isn’t at home is not true. _ _名词做主语 _动名词做主语 _人称代词做主语 _名词做主语 _名词做主语 _不定式做主语 _ _不定时做主语 _ _从句做主语 2.谓语 说明主语所做的动作或者具有的特征和状态。 简单谓语:He reads newspapers every day. They made a cake for me. 复合谓语: He has caught a bad cold. You may keep the book for two weeks. I have been reading the book all the time. My sister is crying over there. 系动词+表语作谓语:His father is a musician. The man is handsome. My grandpa is seventy. 练习——划出下面句子的谓语,并说出是什么谓语。 Miss Mary teaches us English. Many a person has read the novel. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. Her favorite sport is playing football. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 简单谓语 复合谓语 复合谓语 复合谓语 3.宾语 一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词,或名词性的词充当,表示动作的对象或者承受者。一般位于及物动词和介词之后。 2. 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 We have breakfast at seven. He bought a new car last week. 练习——划出下面的句子宾语