内容正文:
专题05 重点语法知识梳理一:现在完成时及拓展练50题
Grammar 1:现在完成时专题
现在完成时
比较:I live in Shanghai. 我住在上海。(一般现在时)
I moved to Shanghai ten years ago. 十年前我搬到上海住了。(一般过去时)
I have lived in Shanghai for ten years. 我在上海住了十年了。(现在完成时)
Ⅰ.构成
现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。
其中的have / has 为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直接在其后加not。
Ⅱ.用法
1. 表结果:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,可以和already, yet, just等连用。
I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。(照片不在我这里了)
--have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗?
--Yes, I have just had it. 是的,我吃了,我刚刚吃过。(现在不饿了)
2. 表继续:表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,还可能继续下去的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。如:this morning, these days, in the last (past)…, since, for a long time 等。
They have lived here since 1989. 自从1989年以来,他们就住在这里。
She has been there for over two years. 她在那里两年多了。
3. 表经验:表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情,常和never, ever, once, three times, before等连用。
I have never been to Egypt before. 我以前从没去过埃及。
He has been to Egypt three times. 他去过埃及3次了。
【小试牛刀】
( ) 1. I___ the book yet.
A. haven't read B. hadn't read C. don't read D. am not reading
( ) 2. They left for Beijing last month and we ___ them ever since.
A. don't hear from B. haven't heard from
C. won't hear from D. didn't hear from
( ) 3. He says he___ the book several times already this year.
A. had read B. has read C. will read D. is reading
答案. 1-3 ABB
Ⅲ. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的影响、生成的结果等等,而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,强调动作,前者强调影响。
(1)A: Have you seen the film ? 你看过这部电影吗?
B: Did you see the film ? 你看过这部电影吗?
A句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;B句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。
(2)A: She has watered the flowers. 她已经浇了花。(不需要再浇了)
B: She watered the flowers yesterday. 她昨天浇的花。
2. 表示过去的时间状语如: yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等,以及when为首的疑问句与一般过去时连用,而不与现在完成时连用。
(1)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (错)
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. (对)
(2)-- Have you ever been to the great wall?
--Yes, I have.
--When did you go there?
--Last week.
Ⅳ. 瞬间动词和延续性动词
瞬间动词表示的动作顺建即可结束,不能延续,不