专题二 第2课时 主谓一致-【直击双1流】2024高考英语一轮复习讲义

第 2 课时　 主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 主语是单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是 复数,谓语动词用复数形式。 She has made great progress in this semester. 她这学期取得了很大进步。 Apples are my favorite fruit. 苹果是我最爱的水果。 例 1 (2023·云南省弥勒一中高三期中) Beijing, the capital of China, (be) well- known to people around the world. 句意:北京是中国的首都,为世界各 地的人所熟知。 此处描述的是客观事实,应用一 般现在时。 句子主语 Beijing 是第三人称单数, 故谓语动词用单数形式。 is 2. 意义一致原则 (1) 当主语后接由 as well as, along with, together with, with, including, in addition to, like, except, but, besides, no less than, rather than 等构成的短语时,谓语动词的形式通常与前 面主语的人称和数保持一致。 The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a dinner this weekend. 这些学生打算本周末同他们的老师一起去 吃晚饭。 Henry, rather than Jane and John, is responsible for the loss. 损失的责任应由亨利而不是由简和约翰来 承担。 例 2 (2023·辽宁省沈阳二中高三月考) Alice, together with her friends, ( be) punished for having broken the school rules. 句意:爱丽丝和她的朋友们因违反校 规而受到惩罚。 根据语境可知,本句讲述的是过 去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 当主语后接由 with, along with, as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including 等构成的短语时, 谓语动词的数与前面主语的数保持一致。 本句 主语是 Alice,谓语动词应用单数形式。 was (2) clothing, baggage / luggage, furniture, machinery, scenery, equipment, jewellery 等集合 名词通常只用作不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动 词用单数形式。 If your luggage is overweight, you􀆳ll have to pay extra. 如果你的行李超重了,你需要额外付费。 (3) 有些集体名词,即所谓的“群体名词”, 如 crew, class, committee, group, government, team, family, audience, crowd 等作主语时,谓语 动词的单、复数形式取决于主语的含义。 当主语 表示整体概念时视为单数,谓语动词用单数形 式;当主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数, 谓语动词用复数形式。 My family are going on a trip this summer. 我们全家今年夏天要去旅行。 Almost every family in the country owns a car. 这个国家几乎每家都有一辆汽车。 (4) 表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名 词作主语表示整体概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Ten years is just a moment in history. 10 年在历史上只是一瞬间。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋