专题八 第2课时 定语从句-【直击双1流】2024高考英语一轮复习讲义

第 2 课时　 定语从句 一、关系代词 (一)关系代词的指代及功能 关系代词 先行词 关系词在从句中的作用 that 人 / 物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语、表语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人 / 物 定语 as 人 / 物 主语、宾语、表语 (二)关系代词的具体用法 1. 先行词指人并在定语从句中作主语时,用 who/that引导,且不能省略关系词。 I know the man who / that spoke to you just now. 我认识刚才和你说话的人。 2. 先行词指物并在定语从句中作主语时,用 that/which引导,且不能省略关系词。 China is a country that / which has a long history. 中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家。 3. 先行词指物并在定语从句中作宾语时,用 that/which引导,且可以省略关系词。 The car ( that / which ) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 我叔叔刚买的汽车在地震中被毁掉了。 4. 先行词指人并在定语从句中作宾语时,用 whom/who/that引导,且可以省略关系词。 The people ( who / whom / that ) we met in France have sent us a card. 我们在法国结识的人给我们寄来了一张 贺卡。 5. 先行词指人或物并在定语从句中作定语 时,用 whose或“介词+whom/which”引导。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. ( = This is the scientist, the name of whom is known all over the world. ) 这就是那位世界闻名的科学家。 6. 关系代词 as的用法。 (1) as 既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中 作主语、宾语或表语。 它常用在 the same􀆺as􀆺, such􀆺as􀆺, so􀆺as􀆺等句型中,as 不能省略。 I􀆳ll buy the same dictionary as you have. 我要买和你一样的词典。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他不像看起来那么傻。 I never heard so interesting stories as he told. 我从未听过和他讲的一样有意思的故事。 　 　 当先行词前有 the same 修饰时,有时用 that,有时也用 as 来引导定语从句,二者意义不同。 This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday. 这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。 (并不是同一件) This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday. 这是我昨天穿的那件衬衣。 (指同一件衣服) (2) as 引导非限制性定语从句时,只能修饰 句子,可置于被修饰句子的后面、前面或主谓之 间,翻译成“正如……那样”。 The earth moves around the sun, as we all know. 众所周知,地球围着太阳转。 As you can see, he is not friendly to me. 正如你看到的那样,他对我不友好。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋