专题五 第2课时 虚拟语气-【直击双1流】2024高考英语一轮复习讲义

第 2 课时　 虚拟语气 　 　 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假 想,所说的或者不是事实,或者与事实相反。 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 1. 虚拟条件不同时,非真实条件句及主句的 形式 　 　 　 　 主从句 结构　 　 条件　 　 　 　 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 与现在事实相反 过去式( be 动词 用 were) would / could / should / might+ 动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would / could / should / might+ have+过去分词 与将来事实相反 过去式 / should + 动 词 原 形 / were to+动词原形 would / could / should / might+ 动词原形 　 　 We would go with you if we had time. (与现 在事实相反) 如果我们有时间的话,就和你一起去。 If we hadn􀆳t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn􀆳t have been so successful. (与过 去事实相反) 如果我们没有做充分的准备,这场会议不会 如此成功。 例 1 (2023·北京市海淀区高三期末) If the weather (be) better last weekend, we would have gone to the beach. 句意:上周末如果天气再好些的话, 我们就去沙滩玩了。 根据句意和从句中的“ last weekend”可知,此处是对过去情况的虚拟,所以 从句谓语动词应用“had+过去分词”的形式。 had been 2. 虚拟语气在省略 if的条件句中的用法 当虚拟条件从句中含有 were, had 或 should 时,可以省略 if,并把这些词提至句首。 Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. 如果明天见到他,我会问他这件事的。 Had I had the money last year, I would have bought the house. 如果我去年有这笔钱,我就会 买了那座房子。 Should I have time, I would go and watch the football game. 要是我有时间,我会去看那场足球赛的。 例 2 (2023·河北省石家庄二中高三月 考)Should it rain, the crops (save). 句意:如果下雨,庄稼就得救了。 根 据“Should it rain”可知,此处是省略 if 的虚拟条 件句,补充完整为“If it should rain”,表示对将来 的虚拟,主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”的形 式;动词 save 与主句主语 the crops 之间是动宾关 系,故应用被动语态。 would be saved 3. 虚拟语气在错综时间条件句中的用法 有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的 动作发生的时间并不一致,这类句子称为错综时 间条件句,这时主、从句谓语动词的形式应由各 自的时间来确定。 If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句是对现在情况的假设,主句是对过 去情况的假设) 如果我是你,我就采纳他的建议了。 If he had followed the doctor􀆳s advice, he would recover now. (从句是对过去情况的假设, 主句是对现在情况的假设) 如果他听从了医生的建议,现在他的病就 好了。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋