专题六 第2课时 动词的语态-【直击双1流】2024高考英语一轮复习讲义

第 2 课时　 动词的语态 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态的基本构成形式为“ be+及物动词 的过去分词”。 其中 be 无词义,有人称、数和时 态的变化。 几种常见的被动语态形式见下表(以 动词 do 为例): 现在时 过去时 将来时 一般式 am / is / are done was / were done will / shall be done 进行式 am / is / are being done was / were being done / 完成式 has / have been done had been done will / shall have been done 　 　 He is loved by all his pupils. 他受所有学生的爱戴。 I shall be given a chance to play in this game again. 我将获得再一次参加这个比赛的机会。 The car was being repaired when you meant to drive it away. 你打算将这辆车开走时,它正在被修理。 The work has been finished. 这个工作已经做完了。 　 　 含有情态动词的被动语态的基本构成为:情态动词+be+ 过去分词。 The new law will be put into effect next year. 新的法律明年生效。 Anything here can􀆳t be touched. 这里的任何东西都不能碰。 例 1 (2023·河南省实验中学高三月考) The day ( observe) with a wide range of events that are organized at local, national and international levels. 句意:地方、国家和国际各级都会举 办各种各样的活动来庆祝这一天。 根据从句中 的“are”可知,主句应用一般现在时;动词 observe 与主语 The day 之间是动宾关系,故此处应用被 动语态;主语 The day 是第三人称单数,故谓语动 词应用单数形式。 is observed 例 2 (2023·安徽省合肥一中高三月考) This problem that increasing numbers of students are addicted to the Internet (mention) in her book last year. 句意:去年,她在书中提到了越来越 多的学生沉迷网络的问题。 根据时间状语“ last year”可知,主句应用一般过去时;动词 mention 与主语 This problem 之间是动宾关系,故此处应 用被动语态;主语 This problem 是第三人称单数, 故谓语动词应用单数形式。 was mentioned 二、主动形式表被动意义 用法 例句 系动词 sound, taste, feel, look, appear, seem 等 Your idea sounds great. 你的主意听起来不错。 The cloth feels smooth. 这种布料摸起来很光滑。 表示主语内在 “ 品质” 或 “ 性 能” 的 动 词, 如 lock, shut, open, read, write, sell, wash, clean, draw, cut, translate 等, 其后常跟一个副词 The door locks easily. 这个门很好锁。 Most poetry does not translate well. 诗歌大多翻译不好。 “介词 in, on, under 等+名词” 作表语 The question is now under discussion. 这个问题正在被讨论。 　 　 (1) 某些表示“发生” 的动词 (短语),如 happen, take