定语从句精讲讲义 -2023届高考英语复习

定语从句缩略精讲与解题思路 定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中英语的重点， 高考的必考题。 一、关系代词that，which引导的定语从句 1.通常只用that的情况 (1)当先行词为all, few, little, much, anything, nothing, everything, none等不定代词时； (2)当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级和 all, any,  few, little, no,  the only, the very, the last 等词修饰时； (3)如果定语从句修饰两个先行词，其中一个指人，一个指物. 2.通常只用which的2种情况 (1)当引导非限制性定语从句，指物或指代前面整个句子的内容. (2)放在介词后面指物时，只能用which. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling,  which turned out to be a wise decision. 二、who，whom，whose引导的定语从句 1.如果先行词是指人的不定代词，如：anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, nobody, one, ones, those, all等， 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom/who。 2.在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词指人且作主语时用who， 作宾语时用whom/who 3.在定语从句中可以作定语的关系代词只有whose，表示物时相当于 "the + 名词 + of + which"或"of + which + the + 名词"；表示人时相当 于"the + 名词 + of + whom"或"of +whom + the + 名词"。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school  who I met in the English speech contest last year. The newly-built cafe, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 注意：在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。 特别在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于 one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数， 如没有the only， 就用复数形式。 如，1、This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. 2、 He was the only one of the students who was late for school. 三、where，when，why引导的定语从句 where，when，why的意义相当于"介词+ which"。具体而言，where  相当于 "in / at + which"，when相当于"at / in / during + which"， why相当于"for + which"。  1. 关系副词 where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语， 定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示地点的名词。 2. 关系副词 when引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语， 定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示时间的名词。 3. 关系副词why引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语， 定语从句修饰的先行词必须是表示原因的名词。 （1）The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour. （2） Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work