被动语态重点知识点讲解及练习2022-2023学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

被动语态重点知识讲解练习 含义:主语是动作的承受者,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系。 结构:be done 主动语态和被动语态的转化:大多数的SVO,SVoO,SVOC 结构的主主动句都可以转化为相应的被动句,其规则如下: 1) SVO——将主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语,将主动语态动词词组改为被动结构,原来主动句的主语可放在by-后,如不需突出动作的执行者,也可不要by+主语。 如果主动句带有情态动词时,如could , could do应改为_。 The police caught the thief.——_. They must finish the work in 2 weeks.——_. 2) SVoO——变为被动句时可有两种形式,一种是以间接宾语(物)为主语,一种是以直接宾语(人)为主语 主动语态 被动语态 bring sb. sth. 把某物带给某人 sb be brought sth / sth be brought to sb lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人 sb be lent sth/ sth be lent to sb offer sb. sth. 将某物给某人 sb be offered sth/ sth be offered to sb pass sb. sth. 把某物递给某人 sb be passed sth/ sth be passed to sb pay sb. sth. 付给某人某物(钱) sb be paid sth/ sth be paid to sb send sb. sth.把某物送给某人 sb be sent sth/ sth be sent to sb sell sb. sth.把某物卖给某人 sb be sold sth/ sth be sold to sb show sb. sth. 拿某物给某人看 sb be shown sth/ sth be shown to sb teach sb. sth. 教某人某物 sb be taught sth/ sth be taught to sb tell sb. sth.告诉某人某情况 sb be told sth/ sth be told to sb buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 sb be bought sth/ sth be bought for sb make sb. sth.为某人制作某物 sb be made sth/ sth be made for sb Father gave me a watch.—— I _. A watch _. 3) SVOC——原来的宾语变为主语,动词变为被动语态,补语由补充说明宾语,变为补充说明主语 We have painted the wall white.—— The wall _ by us. The teacher allows us to use the computer between classes. _. 注意:hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, observe make,等后的宾语补足语 中的不定式 to省略,但是在被动句中,要将to还原。 I see Tom play basketball in the playground every day. _ I hear someone play the piano at night. _ PS:主动句变为被动句时,有时用by+sb,有时不用。一般来说,当动作的发出者不清楚, 不重要时通常不用by+sb.;当强调动作的发出者时,用by+sb. Eggs were eaten. (不强调动作执行者) Eggs were eaten by the dog! (指出动作执行者) 【不同时态的被动语态】 时态 结构 一般现在时 am/is/are +过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 一般将来时 will/shall/be going to be+过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are +being + 过去分词 过去进行时 was/were +being + 过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 【不能变被动的情况】 1) 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词,无被动语态。 如:look, smell, taste, feel, sound,stay,等 例:Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy. 2) 动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。 如:want, need, require, worth等,并且可相互转化,如 need doing = need to be done be