2022-2023学年初高中衔接语法：简单句基本句型课件

英语简单句的八种基本句型 基本句型： 主系表 SVP 主 谓 SV 主 谓 状 SVA 主 谓 宾 SVO 主 谓 宾 宾 SVOO 主 谓 宾 状 SVOA 主 谓 宾 宾补 SVOC 存现句：There be +主+状 一. 主语+连系动词+表语 ◆本句型的特点是"连系动词+表语"二者缺一不可。 表语是对主语特征、身份的描述。谓语动词用连系动词。 1) I am a student. 2) Computers are useful . 常见的连系动词有： 1) be动词: am, is, are, was, were 2) 感官动词：feel, look, smell, sound, taste , look, appear 3) 表示“变化”的词：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, turn •4) 表示“保持”：keep, remain, stay 常见的连系动词有： 5) 表示“好像”： look, appear, seem 6) 表示“证明”：prove (to be), turn out (to be) eg ： The leaves turn yellow. 二、主语+谓语（不及物动词：vi） 在此句型中，谓语动词是不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语。但不及物动词与介词连用时，其后也可跟宾语。谓语是主语所做的动作。常见的不及物动词：work, jump, arrive, come, disappear, smile, cry, happen, die等。 He is working. The baby cries. The bus is coming. 三、主语+谓语+状(时间、地点、方式、程度等) He will come tomorrow. The children stayed in the room. 四、主语+谓语（及物动词：vt）+宾语 该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。 •We love our motherland. •They are playing football. 五、主语+谓语（及物动词）+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 英语中有些及物动词能跟双宾语,即间接宾语(指人) 和直接宾语(指物) 。 He gave me a pen. Her father bought her a bike. 注：●间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。 Her father bought a bike for her. ●间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。 六、主语+谓语（及物动词：vt）+宾语 +状语 He gave a pen to me. We planted many trees in our hometown. We study English everyday. 七、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语 英语中,有些及物动词除能跟宾语外,有时还须加一个补足语,句意才能完整。 作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、动词不定式和分词,副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。 1）He asked us to take a notebook. 2）They found the door open. 八、存现句 There be +主+状 表示﹍﹍存在有某东西。 1）There is a tree in front of the classroom. 2）There are some books on the desk. 基本句型练习 一、写出下面句子的结构类型。(如：主+谓…) 1. Everybody smiled. 2. The car caught fire. 3. The milk has turned sour. 4. He bought his wife a dress. 主+谓 主语+谓语+宾语 主语+连系动词+表语 主语+谓语（及物动词）+双宾语 5. Roy found his new job rather boring. 6. Your brother got up at 10 o’clock. 7. I haven’t seen Daniel for long. 8. There will be a show tonight.