2022-2023学年人教版八年级英语下册现在完成时语法知识清单

湖北省十堰市实验中学 版权所有 All Rights Reserved Bliss 现在完成时（The Present Perfect Tense）语法 一、 结构： have + V过去分词 或 has + V过去分词 　(否定形式) haven’t + V过去分词 或 hasn’t + V过去分词 二、 含义：1. 强调动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响或结果。。 2. 强调动作已经完成或仍在继续 例：1. I have eaten my lunch.(已经完成) She has taught us since she came here.(仍在继续) 2. I’ve just lost my keys.(造成了影响，可能进不了门) 三、用法 1. 常与副词连用，标志性时间状语： already（已经），yet(还，已经)，ever(曾经)，just(刚刚)，before(以前)，never(从不)，so far(迄今为止) 例：I have already finished my homework. / Have you finished it yet? Not yet(还没有). This is the best movie I have ever seen./ My sister has just reached Hong Kong. I’ve never been to Spain./ We have learned 2,000 words so far(到目前为止). Have you seen this film before? 区别：before用于完成时， ago 用于过去时 I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Shanghai a week before 2. 持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与for, since等时间状语连用。（谓语动词不能用瞬间动词） 　　for + 一段时间 since +时间点 / since + 从句（一般过去时） 1) 我买这个电脑已经2年了。 I have bought the computer for 2 years.（×）buy是瞬间动词for 3 years是一段时间 I have had the computer for 2 years.（√）have是延续性动词 2) 他5年前参的军。He joined the army 5 years ago. （一般过去时） 他参军已经 5 年了。 He has joined the army for 5 years. （×） join是非延续性/瞬间动词 He has been in the army for 5 years.（√） be in是延续性的 / He has been a soldier since 5 years ago. （√） 3) 那本书你借了多久了？ How long have you borrowed the book? （×）borrow 是瞬间动词 How long have you kept the book?（√）keep是延续性动词 I have kept the book for 4 days. （√）for 4 days 是延续性时间状语 /I have kept the book since 4 days ago. （√） 4) 电影已经开始十分钟了。 The movie has begun for 10 mintutes. （×）begin 是非延续性/瞬间动词 The movie has been on for 10 mintutes.（√）be on是延续性的 5) 她离开有2个星期了。 She has left for 2 weeks. （×）leave是瞬间动词 She has been away for 2 weeks. （√）be away是延续性动词 ps：非延续性动词在否定句中可以用于现在完成时 例：I haven’t bought anything for two months. 在句型“It is/has been ...since ...”中，两种时态都是正确的。 It is/has been twenty years since I saw him last time. 　　 延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换 ①转化为延续性