内容正文:
形容词和副词的概念和级别变化
一、形容词的定义
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,在句中可作定语、表语、状语等成分。
This is a difficult problem to solve.(作定语)
The weather here is very pleasant.(作表语)
Maggie is very polite.(作表语)
二、形容词的特殊摆放位置
1. 形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词时,需要置于其后。例:something interesting; anything else
I have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你
2. adj.\adv. + enough to do不定式; enough + 名词。例:
Do you have enough time?
I am old enough to wash my clothes.
三、形容词的分类和用法
1. 以-ing/-ed结尾的形容词
1). 以 -ing 结尾的形容词表主动意义;修饰物,指事物对人的影响。例: an interesting book,a pleasing trip,a tiring day等。
2). 以-ed 结尾形容词表被动意义;主语一般是人,指人对事物的感受。它的结构一般是sb.+be+-ed 形容词+介词。例: He is interested in the book. 或We are all pleased with the trip.
2. 以-ly结尾的形容词
1). 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
2). 有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
3. 用形容词表示类别和整体
1). 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。例:the dead, the living,the rich, the poor,the blind,the hungry,the young, the old.
The young should take care of the old.
2). 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。例:the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
记忆顺口溜:限定词(包括冠词、人称代词、指示代词等)描绘大长高;形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍错材料;作用类别往后靠。例:
a small round table
a tall grey building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
There are a few big round black new wooden French tables in the room.
五、副词的定义
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的一类词,在句中可以作状语、表语、定语等。
例:Luckily, she had got another chance. (作状语)
Sorry, I have to be off right now. (作表语)
Who is the person over there? (作定语)
六、副词的分类
1. 时间副词
1). 时间副词分为三类:表示发生时间的副词(如yesterday,in the morning等),表示频繁程度的副词(如always,seldom等)和其它时间副词。
2). 时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志,所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。
2. 地点副词
常见的地点副词:here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up.
3. 程度副词
1). 描述动作,行为或状态程度的副词称为程度副词。
2). 有的程度副词可以修饰形容词的原级,如very, too , enough, quite, rather等,有些能修饰形容词的比较级,如 much,rather,a little等。
4