内容正文:
非谓语动词
构成:(to)+动词原形
动词不定
在句中的作用(主、宾、表、宾补、定、状)
非
谓 构成:V.-ing
语 动名词
动 用法(主、宾、表、定)
词
构成:现在分词 doing
过去分词 done
分词
用法(表、补、定、状)
一、动词不定式
动词不定时的构成:不定时的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to 是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
To speak English is not easy for us
=It is not easy for us to speak English.
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
表语
My work is to clean the room everyday.
=To clean the room every day is my work.
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
宾语
—What sports does he like to play?
—He likes to play basketball.
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
My mother made me play the piano all the time.
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
定语
Have you got anything to say?
不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'm sorry to trouble you.(表原因)。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的)
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为:It+be+adj.(+ for/ of sb.)+动词不定式
如:To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well.
It’s important for us to protect the environment.
注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。如:
It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。It's very clever of you to do like that.
2. 不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
如: Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。如:
I find it easy to read English every day.
3.不定式作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, allow, warn, advise, invite, get, encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.
My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意:还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
如:My friends were made to work the whole