2023届高考英语语法：主谓一致讲解讲义

主谓一致 Ⅰ.含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。 分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。 Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is true. 【注意】★ 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 What I bought were three English books. What I say and do has nothing to do with you. a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语： This pair of shoes is not mine. The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon. 2.“单数名词 + and + 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数： You and I are good friends. The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news. 【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数： a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语 a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语 The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people. The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people. 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式: Every man, woman, and child needs love. Each boy and girl was given a book. Every minute and every second is precious. 有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。这类名词词组有： knife and fork 刀叉 needle and thread 针线 bread and butter 面包和黄油 fish and chips 炸鱼加薯条 the stars and stripes 星条旗 Fish and chips is a popular fast food in England. The stars and stripes is the national flag of the U.S.A. 3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式: The factory with all its equipment has been burnt. The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight. The teacher, as well as the parents, is to blame for the accident. 4.each; each + 单数可数名词；each of + 复数名词 作主语时，谓语都用单数形式： Each arrives on time. Each of the building i