2023届高考英语限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句语法考试要点讲义

2023年高中英语限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句语法考试要点及专项练习巩固 限定性定语从句的内涵与运用 一般的简单句会用一个形容词做定语来修饰一个名词，但当定语成分太过复杂而不能只用单个形容词担当时，就要借助于一个句子来做定语修饰名词。 　　像这样由句子担当定语，对被修饰的先行词进行有限定制约，使该词的含义更具体，更明确，我们称之为限定性定语从句，下面我们结合例句进行对比学习： 　　a)I don’t like lazy people(形容词做定语放在名词前面). 　　b)I don’t like the people who never keep their words. 我不喜欢从不遵守诺言的人. 　　在限定性定语从句中，有两个比较重要的概念。以b句为例,独立主句是：I don’t like the people;定语从句为“who never keep their words”，相当于一个形容词，做定语修饰名词“the people”， 且从句和主句是由who来连接的。在定语从句中，“the people”被称为先行词，指被定语从句所修饰或限制的对象。“who”被称为关系词即重复指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定成分的连词。 　　从上面的解析不难看出，关系词在限定性定语从句中很重要，是连接主句和从句的关键。关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词，下面我们一起来进行具体的学习。 　　I.关系代词主要有：who, whom, whose, which, that. 　　A. 当先行词为人时，可用关系代词who,whom,whose 和that. 　　a. 若关系代词在从句中做主语时，选用 who 或that. 　　eg：The woman is a responsible teacher who /that is loved by her students. 　　   = The woman is a responsible teacher and she is loved by her students. 　　b. 若关系代词在从句中做宾语时，选用 whom(首选),who 或that. 　 The girl whom we are talking about is a good friend of us. 　　c. 若关系代词在从句中做定语,表示人的所有关系时，选用 whose 或of whom. 　I know a friend whose sister is a famous dancer. 　　= I know a friend. His sister is a famous dancer. (whose 代替了his,指人 friend) 　　B.当先行词为物时，可用关系代词which, that 或whose. 　　a. 若关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语时，选用 which 或that. 　These are the trees which / that are destroyed in the fire(做主语). 　　b. 若关系代词在从句中做定语,表示物的所有关系时，选用 whose 或of which. 　The children saw an elephant whose legs were hurt badly. 　　综上所述，当先行词为人和物时，若在从句中做主语或是宾语，这时可用选用关系代词that，做定语时用whose. 　　II. 关系副词主要有：where,when 和why. 　　A. 当先行词为表示地点的名词时，定语从句由副词where引导. 　　In the sixth century BC, ancient Greece was a country where there were a lot of new ideas. 　　B. 当先行词为表示时间的名词时，定语从句由副词when引导. 　　Plato lived at a time when philosophy was very fashionable. 　　C. 当先行词为表示原因的名词时，定语从句由副词why引导. 　　Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me? 　　需要注意的是，限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整，例如:I met someone who said he knows you. 非限制性定语从句的内涵与运用 非限制性定语在句中主要起补充说明作用，与主句之间往往有逗号隔开，独立存在，确实也不会影响整个句子的意思。非限定定语从句一般由连接词which和as引导。 引导的非限制性定语从句 who引导的非限定性定语从句在句中作从句的主语。 Our guide，