内容正文:
阅读理解专项训练
——主旨大意题
(解题技巧+练习)
主旨大意题型特点与命题方式?
麻烦你告诉我!
题型特点
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法,对文章进行高度概括或总结,属于高层次题。
主旨题
文章主旨
段落主旨
阅读中主旨大意题的方式
标题
标题类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The best title for this passage is _______.
(2) The suitable headline for this passage may be
(3) The title that best expresses the idea of the passage is .
(4) Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
(体现概括性, 避免远离主题)
标题类 标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。
文章标题可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子。
它的特点是:短小精悍,多为一短语;
涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文,其确定的范围要
恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能
随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
(体现概括性, 避免远离主题)
归纳总结:
文章标题的选择或拟定:
第一:要在阅读原文的基础上,仔细考虑这句话或短语
与文章主题是否有密切的联系;
第二:再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何;
第三:要注意题目是过大还是过小;
第四:要避免下列三种错误:
一是概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体,导致范围太小);
二是过度概括(多表现为人为扩大范围);
三是以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。
3. (2021年全国乙卷·31) You’ve heard that plastic
is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
本文主要讲述了艺术家Von Wong用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑,以期唤起人们对环保问题关注的意识
主题句
概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
海洋塑料转化为雕塑
名师指津
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled…
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean…
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
名师指津
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safe