2023届高三英语一轮复习语法定语从句讲义

定语从句 一、定语从句的定义 一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词代词进行限定的句子就叫定语从句。 1.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词 2.关系词：引导定语从句的词 3.定语从句结构=先行词+关系词+从句 二、关系词在句中的作用 1.连接主句和定语从句 2.指代前面的先行词 3.在定语从句中担当成分 关系代词 that 修饰物或人 作主语或宾语 who 修饰人 作主语 whom 修饰人 作宾语 which 修饰物 作主语或宾语 whose …的 作定语 关系副词 when 表时间 副词 where 表地点 副词 why 表原因 副词 三、关系词的选择 定语从句会不会用，关键在于选对关系词，关系词的选择可根据2种情况来定： 1.看先行词 ⑴先行词是“物”：which,that,whose,where,when,why ⑵先行词是“人”：who,whom,that, whose 2.看关系词在定语从句中所担任的成分 ⑴先行词：人+主语→who/that He is a man who never breaks his word. ⑵先行词：人+宾语→whom/that He is the man whom I think to be nice. ⑶先行词：物+主语→that/which The dog that/which won the race is Joe's. ⑷先行词：物+宾语→that/which(可省略) The letter (that/which) I received yesterday was from my brother. ⑸先行词：物/人+定语→whose That is a book whose cover is blue. whose = of which（修饰物） /of whom（修饰人） 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 一、区别 1.形式上： 非限定性定语从句：关系词前一定有逗号 限定性定语从句：没有逗号 2.功能上： 非限定性定语从句：补充说明作用，缺少不会影响全句的理解 限定性定语从句：对先行词的意义进行修饰和限制，如果去掉，就 会造成句意不完整。 3.关系词不同： ⑴关系词that/why只用于限定 ⑵关系词在句中作宾语：限定性定语从句可省略，而非限定性定语从句不可省 4.先行词不同： 限定性定语从句：先行词只能是名词或代词。 非限定性定语从句：可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。 例： Peter drove too fast,which was dangerous. 短语 He changed his mind,which made me very angry. 句子 二、关系词只能选that 1.当先行词为不定代词时，如 something,anything,nothing等 例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 2.当先行词为不定代词all时 例：He does all that he can to do his work well. 3.当先行词被all,some,any修饰时 例：These are all the things that I have done today. 4.当先行词被 the only, the very修饰时 例：This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. 5.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时 例：This is the most interesting book that is sold in the library. 6.当先行词既有人又有物时 例：The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are known. 7.以who开头的特殊疑问句 例：Who is the person that is sitting on the ground? 8.当先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时 例：It's book that will help you a lot. 三、关系词只能用which 1.在非限制性定语从句中 例：This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday. 2.先行词是一个句子时 例：The boy is very polite,which makes his parents happy. 3.当先行词指物，用“介词+which” 例：This is the pen with