内容正文:
压轴题10 宾语从句和定语从句
题型/考向一:宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态
题型/考向二:主谓一致及定语从句的关系代词、副词
题型/考向三: 定语从句只用 that不用which 引导的情况
题型/考向一:宾语从句的引导词、语序、时态
1.宾语从句的引导词
(1)that引导宾语从句时,无实际意义,不充当成分,只起引导作用,在口语中往往省略。陈述句作宾语从句时用that引导。
We know(that) we should study hard.我们知道我们应该努力学习。
(2)whether/if引导宾语从句时,不充当任何成分,常放在动词(短语)know,ask,wonder,find out等后。但含有“是否”之意,在句中不能省略,一般疑问句作宾语从句时用whether/if引导。
I don't know whether/if my sister likes the present.我不知道我妹妹是否喜欢这份礼物。
(3)常见的连接代词有what,who,whom,whose,which等;常见的连接副词有 when,where,how,why,how many/much等。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时用连接代词或连接副词引导。
例I finally understand what he said.我终于明白他说的是什么了。
2.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的连接词总是位于从句句首,从句用陈述句语序。
Does anyone know how and when it happened?有人知道这件事是如何发生以及什么时候发生的吗?
3.宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句是现在的某种时态时,宾语从句可以用所需要的任何一种时态。
例I remember Jim phoned you yesterday.我记得吉姆昨天给你打过电话。
(2)当主句是过去的某种时态时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。
例 The policeman asked the boy where he lived.警察问男孩住在哪里。
(3)当宾语从句叙述的内容为客观事实或真理时,始终用一般现在时。
The teacher said the earth is round.老师说地球是圆的。
题型/考向二:主谓一致及定语从句的关系代词、副词
1.引导定语从句的关系代词
句子成分
指人
指物
主语
who,that
which,that
宾语
whom,who,that
which,that
定语
whose
whose
(1)who,whom用来指人,who在从句中作主语、宾语;whom在从句中作宾语。
Success will belong to those who never say "impossible".成功永远属于那些从不说“不可能”的人。
(2)which用来指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语,作宾语时可省略。
-What shall we do next?我们下一步应该做什么?
-Take the advice which is given by Dr. Bloch.采纳布洛赫博士给的建议。
(3)that既可指人又可指物,在从句中可作主语、宾语。
I like the movies that are about Chinese history.我喜欢那些关于中国历史的电影。
(4)whose用来指人或物,只用作定语。
Chaplin was a great actor whose name is well-known all over the world.卓别林是一位闻名于世的伟大的演员。
2.引导定语从句的关系副词
(1)when代替时间,where代替地点,相当于“介词+which”,因此常交替使用。
I'll never forget the day when/on which I won the prize.我永远不会忘记我获奖的那天。
This is the city where/in which I have worked for 20 years.这就是我工作了20年的城市。
(2)why在从句中作原因状语。
We don't know the reason why he didn't come yesterday.我们不知道他昨天没来的原因。
题型/考向三: 定语从句只用 that不用which 引导的情况
3.定语从句只用 that不用which 引导的情况
(1)先行词是指物的不定代词,如all,little,much,everything,anything,nothing等,或先行词被不定代词修饰时。
Tom did all that he could to get on well with his classma