语法突破 专题二 第5讲 情态动词和虚拟语气-【创新教程】2024高考英语总复习大一轮教师用书word（新教材，译林版）

第5讲　情态动词和虚拟语气　 ◆[考点一]　情态动词的基本用法　 1．can/could表示“能力、请求或可能性”，意为“能、可以”，当表“请求”时在疑问句中往往用Could you...？其肯定回答用Yes，you can；表可能性时，一般意为“有时会……”。 In general，Tom is a good man，but he can be very hard sometimes. 总体而言，汤姆是个好人，不过有时候他会非常严厉。 2．may/might表示“请求、允许、可能性以及祝愿”。当might表示请求时，不表示过去，只是语气更加委婉客套；might/may as well do sth.意为“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”。 We might as well stay at home，watching the football match. 我们不如待在家里看足球赛。 3．will/would用于第二人称作主语时表示“请求”，还可表“决心、愿望”，或“按规律注定会……”。 They asked if we would do that again. 他们问是否我们会再次那样做。 Oil will float on water. 油会浮在水上。 4．should表示“责任、义务”，意为“应该”。 You should be careful when doing your job. 当你做工作时你应该仔细。 5．must/have to都可表示“不得不、一定”，其区别在于前者侧重主观因素，而后者往往表示客观情况。当must用于一般疑问句时，其肯定回答是Yes，you must，否定回答为No，you needn't/don't have to。 6．shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令、指示或允诺。此外，当宣布法律、规定时，也用shall来表达。 It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应试者必须留在自己的座位上。(规则或规定) 7．need与dare两个词既可以作情态动词，又可以作实义动词，区别如下： 形态 情态动词need/dare 实义动词need/dare 否定 形式 needn't/dare not do don't/doesn't/didn't need/dare to do 后跟动 词时 need/dare do need/dare to do 　Most people hate Harry but they don't dare to/dare not say so. 大多数人都对哈利敢怒不敢言。 单句语法填空 1．(2022·浙江卷) I felt so sorry to hear that and I thought I　________　visit him in any case. 解析：句意：我听了后感到很伤心，我认为我应该无论如何去看望他。 答案：should 2．(2022·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)If you plan on working out in a gym, that person　______　belong to the same gym. 解析：句意：如果你想在体育馆锻炼身体，那个人必须属于同一个体育馆。 答案：must 3．(2021·全国乙卷)In my opinion，students　can　 benefit a lot from doing some housework. 4．(2021·全国乙卷)In conclusion，we 　should　 have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient. 5．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there 　can　 be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. ◆[考点二]　情态动词＋have done　 1．对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测 must have done sth. “(过去)一定做了某