语法突破 专题二 第1讲 名词-【创新教程】2024高考英语总复习大一轮教师用书word（新教材，译林版）

第1讲　名词　 ◆[考点一]　名词的单复数　 1．规则名词的5种复数变化形式 变化规则 例词 一般情况下 在词尾直接加­s mouth→mouths house→houses 以­s，­x，­ch，­sh结尾的名词 在词尾加­es glass→glasses match→matches 以辅音字母＋­y结尾的名词 变y为i，再加­es country→countries factory→factories 以­o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加­s piano→pianos photo→photos 有些在词尾加­es hero→heroes potato→potatoes 以­f，­fe结尾 的名词 一般要变f或fe为v＋­es self→selves wolf→wolves 少数直接加­s roof→roofs belief→beliefs 　下列以­f结尾的名词既可以变f为v后再加­es，也可以直接在f后加­s： handkerchief→handkerchiefs/handkerchieves，scarf→scarfs/scarves 2．不规则名词的2种复数变化形式 变化规则 例词 单复数同形 deer，sheep，means，series，works，Chinese，Swiss，aircraft，spacecraft 变内部元音 foot→feet，tooth→teeth，goose→geese man→men，woman→women，mouse→mice 　①fish表示不同种类的鱼时，其复数形式为fishes，而表示同一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同；②people指“人们”时单复数同形，指“民族”时，其复数为peoples。 3．合成名词的2种复数形式 (1)若有主体名词，则把主体名词变成复数；若无主体名词，则把最后一部分变成复数。 passer­by→passers­by，sister­in­law→sisters­in­law，grown­up→grown­ups，housewife→housewives (2)“man/woman＋n.”变复数时，作定语的man/woman和主体名词都要变复数：women engineers。 单句语法填空 1．(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos(科芬的凤头鹦鹉), a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape­recognition 　______　(ability) to a human two­year­old. 解析：句意：科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似。ability 是可数名词，根据句意此处应用复数形式。 答案：abilities 2．(2021·新高Ⅰ卷，57)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 　humans　(human) are. 3．(2021·全国乙卷，69)　Activities　 (activity)there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. 4．(2021·全国甲卷)In the sciences and arts，those praised as 　geniuses　(genius) were most often white men，of European origin. 5．(2020·浙江卷，62)Later，they learned to work with the 　seasons　 (season)，planting at the right time... 6．“Alaya，you don't have to do this if you don't want to.Nobody is forcing you.”Though I said I wasn't going to do it，my 　feet　 (foot) carried me toward the pool. 7．The nursery team switches him every few 　days　 (day) with his sister so that while one is bei