内容正文:
专题三 名词性从句
1.(2022·北京高考,15)It's easy to explain how we determine ________ smells are dangerous or not: we learn.
答案:whether 句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的,很容易:我们通过学习(知道的)。动词determine后接宾语从句,结合句子中的or not可知,此处用whether引导宾语从句,构成whether ... or not的搭配,故填whether。
2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷,56)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the outofthisworld scenes.
答案:What 设空处引导主语从句并在从句中作主语,应用what,相当于the thing that,表示“……的事物”。故填What。
3.(2020·江苏高考,25)It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle; it's just a matter of time.
答案:whether 句意:我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题;这只是时间问题。根据下文“it's just a matter of time”可知,此处指“我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”,it是形式主语,whether引导的从句是真正的主语。
4.(2020·天津高考,15)The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said.
答案:what 句意:为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实,这个学生完成了这个实验。此处to make为不定式作状语,make缺少宾语,后接宾语从句。且连接词在从句中作said的宾语,表示“……所说的话”,因此应用what引导该从句。
5.(2020·浙江高考,57)Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
答案:what 句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。宾语从句部分缺主语,应用连接代词what。故填what。
6.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ,61)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
答案:that 设空处引导同位语从句,解释说明evidence的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故用that引导。
7.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ,61)I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
答案:who 宾语从句中缺少句子的主语,由下文“me or the female gorilla (大猩猩)”可知,作者不确定自己和大猩猩谁更害怕,故填who。
8.(2018·江苏高考,21)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
答案:how 句意:乘船是到这里的唯一方式,我们就是坐船来的。how引导表语从句,在从句中作方式状语。
名词性从句的句法功能相当于名词词组,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此名词性从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
连接词归类
类别
功能
引导词
从属连词
只起连接作用,不充当句子成分
that, whether, if
连接代词
起连接作用,并充当主语、宾语、表语或定语
who, whom, whose, which,
what, whatever, whichever, whoever
连接副词
起连接作用,并在从句中作状语
when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever
一 主语从句
主语从句的一般结构
主语从句+谓