内容正文:
第3讲 词句猜测题
高频考点·研析透
GAO PIN KAO DIAN YAN XI TOU 对应学生用书学案P18
词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新意,还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解文章中,常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲,但又没有附加注释,需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章。
考点1 词语猜测题
辨明题类
词语猜测题是基本上每年必考的阅读理解题型。词义判断是一种阅读技巧和能力,主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速判断所指定的某一个生词或短语含义的能力,而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围,但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。
词语猜测题的命题方式有:
(1)The underlined word “...” in Paragraph...is closest in meaning to ________.
(2)What does the underlined word “...” probably mean?
(3)The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by “________”.
(4)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”?
(5)By saying “...”, the author means ________.
(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as ________.
技法点拨
1.根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测
(1)科技说明文等文章中,作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义,通过阅读定义和解释部分,考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。
(2)需要猜测的单词或短语后面有时会紧跟一个同位语,作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。
(3)文章下文中常以某种特定方式对前文进行解释,如利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等词语。
(4)用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。
例如:Taylorʼs swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse,who brought a defibrillator,an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them:Parisʼs heartbeat returned.
分析:所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语“an electronic device (器械) that can shock the heart back into work(一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)”来进行解释说明,我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。
2.根据构词法进行猜测
英语中通过词根加词缀或合成两个单词的方式可以构成新词。因此,掌握了一定的构词知识,再结合上下文语境,也可以快速猜测词义。
例如:A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.
分析:根据构词法知识我们可知,un-为否定前缀,-ness为名词后缀,easy(舒适)为词根。因此,我们可知uneasiness为“不安;担忧”之意。
3.根据因果关系进行猜测
在阅读理解文章的句子或段落中,若两个事物或两种现象之间构成因果关系,这时我们可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推断词或短语的含义。表示因果关系的标志词有because,so,thus,therefore,as a result of,since,so that,so/such...that...等。
例如:My son could not follow the teacherʼs directions,he told me,and thus,Scola was disrupting the class.Didnʼt he know my son did not speak English yet?
试题:What does the underlined word “disrupting” probably mean?________
A.Breaking. B.Following.
C.Attending. D.