专题一 第1讲 怎样“快”读文-把握“结构”知大意，“选择性”阅读省时力(Word教师用书)-【创新方案】2023高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试（老教材）

专题一/阅读理解—先检索·再加工 解答阅读理解题的最基本原则——忠于原文。其蕴含的解题规律是：读文时，要透彻理解文意，充分从文中获取信息，这就是信息检索的过程；做题时，要依据题目设问并结合选项，对所检索出来的信息进行整理、分析，这是对信息进行思维加工的过程。通过“检索”找到答题根源，通过“加工”判定正确选项。　 第一讲怎样“快”读文——把握“结构”知大意，“选择性”阅读省时力(自修课) 面对卷面阅读量日益加大的高考，从某种程度上来说，谁赢得了阅读时间，谁就赢得了考场的“气定神闲”。考场上的阅读，不是逐词逐句的品读，而是扫读与精读相结合，有侧重点地“选择读”。怎样把控好“选择读”的尺度，何处该扫读，何处该精读，这就关乎一个行文结构的问题，掌握了文章的常见行文结构，就能驾轻就熟地运用“选择读”。 按行文结构分类，英语阅读文章大致可分为以下五种类型：故事叙述型、现象解释型、结论解释型、问题解决型和观点对比型。下面主要介绍这五种类型文章的结构与布局的一般规律。 类型(一)　故事叙述型(常见文体：记叙文、夹叙夹议文) 模式1顺叙 模式2倒叙 开头(交代事件发生的时间、地点、人物等内容)——展开(以人物活动的时间顺序、空间变换为行文线索)——结尾(依照事件的发生、发展和结局顺序来结尾/对事件进行分析或评价〈选择性〉) 开头(把事件的结局或事件中最突出的片段提到文章的开头来叙述)——展开(以人物活动的时间顺序、空间变换为行文线索)——结尾(对事件进行分析或评价〈选择性〉) [典例]　(2022·全国甲卷·C篇) [1]As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick­started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. [2]Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take_the_plunge. [3]After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last­minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go，” she says.“I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” [4]In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me t