专题07 体裁微解—说明文-备考2023年高考英语历年阅读理解真题专题解析+仿真模拟 （全国通用）

专题07 体裁微解—说明文 ( 题型分析 ) 说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，让读者了解信息，说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。 ( 解题策略 ) 说明文阅读量大,生僻词汇多,句式结构复杂，题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读这类文章时,应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物;另外,考生在平时的学习中应多积累阅读词汇,提高分析长难句的能力。具体答题策略如下: 1.抓首尾段 首段往往提出说明文的主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主 题;尾段往往重申强调主题。 2.梳理文章结构 整体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述;现象+原因+后果/启示/措施;研究发现/调查结果+研究调查过程。 3.破解长难句 结合语境和所学语法知识破解结构复杂的长难句。 【感悟真题 体验技法】 （2022年全国甲卷） Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies. The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. 24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 2