内容正文:
第三讲 “暗线”考法——“无提示词”类题目增分指导
第1课时 从“基本用法”上考量冠词、介词、代词
考法(一) 冠词
项目 基本用法
a/an 用于普通可数名词前表示泛指一个人或物;用于某些固定搭配;
a用于辅音音素开头的单词前(注意unique, university, useful, usual,European等前用a);
an用于元音音素开头的单词前(注意honest, hour, honor等前用an)
the 用于普通名词前表示特指;用于某些固定搭配;用于序数词或形容(副)词最高级前
[典例1] (2022·全国甲卷)
________ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
解题思路:根据无提示词语境,结合句意可知,此处指“他的一个朋友”,属于第一次提到某人,故应用不定冠词。friend以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a。空处位于句首,首字母应该大写。故填A。
[典例2] (2022·全国乙卷)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ________ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
解题思路:根据无提示词语境,结合句意可知,此处指上文提到的“International Tea Day”这一节日,属于特指,故用定冠词the。
[典例3] (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)
______ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
解题思路:根据无提示词语境,结合句意可知,设空处要填冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”。同时该单词位于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
考法(二) 介词
项目 基本用法
介词+
名词 考查介词的基本用法(常用介词in, on, at, from, to, by, for, between)
固定搭配 考查“动词+介词”或介词短语(如from ... to ...)等固定搭配中的介词
[典例1] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
解题思路:根据无提示词语境,结合句意可知,此处考查介词。“serve as”是固定搭配,意为“充当;担任”。
[典例2] (2022·全国甲卷)
He flew 4,700 kilometers ______ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
解题思路:根据无提示词语境,结合句中“Xi'an to Kashgar”可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from。固定搭配from ... to ...表示“从……到……”。故填from。
考法(三) 代词
语法填空考查代词,有两种考查方式:有提示词类和无提示词类。人称代词及物主代词多以有提示词的形式出现,已经在前面讲到。无提示词类主要考查it的用法。
项目 基本用法
特殊词it 作形式主语或形式宾语;指代上文提到过的事物
it用于固定句型(如:强调句,it is/was+adj.+to do sth.等)或固定搭配(如make it, get it等)
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ______ a try.
解题思路:根据无提示词语境,结合句意可知,此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”,故填