内容正文:
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第九周 段落写作目的
1
此类题目要求考生理解作者写作某个段落或部分的目的。常见的提问方式有:
What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?(2020年全国Ⅲ卷)
What is the purpose of the last part of the text?(2017年全国Ⅰ卷)
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Why does the author mention…in the first paragraph?(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷; 2016年全国Ⅱ卷)
作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题、突出主题,或是要吸引读者关注主题,或是要把主题说明得更清楚。常用的写作手法的目的有:
(1) 开头提出问题——让读者关注主题。
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(2) 简介相关事物——为了引出主题。
(3) 列举具体事例——说明文段的主题。
(4) 运用比拟或比喻——让读者易理解抽象或
陌生的事物。
(5) 引语——说明或论证某个观点,或使自己
的观点更有说服力。
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解题方法:无论哪种手法,也不管出于何种目的,都必定与主题相关,为主题服务。因此,解答这类题多用主旨推断法。即用略读法,读首尾段和各段的首尾句,找到主题句,抓住文章主旨,然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等,其主题句多在文首。
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[典型例题] (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·33)
We prefer to describe emotional (情感的) intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
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A. To explain a rule.
B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact.
D. To make a prediction.
◇ Why does the author mention “doctor” and
“cheater” in paragraph 2?
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点拨:本段首句提到“我们更喜欢把情商描述为一组特定的技能,可以用于好的或坏的目的。”此处在陈述情商的概念,接着作者举“医生用情商来找出帮助病人的方法”(好的目的)及“骗子利用情商来控制潜在的受害者”(坏的目的)两个具体的例子是为了阐明这个概念,故选B项。
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星期一
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
1. What does the author want to tell us by the
examples in paragraph 1?
阅读理解
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B 推理判断题。由第一段第二句“As scientists look deeper…human evolution in just the past few thousand years.”可知,随着科学家们深入研究人类基因,他们发现了在过去的几千年里人类进化的例子,随后举了两个例子加以说明。因此,作者在第一段中所举的例子主要是为了说明关于人类进化的新知识,故选B项。
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A. In valleys. B. Near rivers.
C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
2. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
D 细节理解题。由第二段第四句“They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve