04 【阅读理解之说明文】考情分析+技巧点拨+典例3篇+课堂精练3篇-备战2024高考，“跨词破句”之英语阅读理解轻松突破

学利网 学科网原创，让学司更易！ JP.ZXXK.COM 学科网精品频道全力推荐 阅读理解突破之说明文 一、考情分析 近3年全国高考说明文题量统计 年份 2020 2021 2022 卷名 新高考I卷 2 全国卷I(乙卷) 2 2 全国卷Ⅱ（甲卷） 1 全国卷Ⅲ 2 说明文类阅读理解在2022年新高考全国卷1、2021年新高考全国卷1中均有一篇，在2022年新高考 全国卷Ⅱ中有两篇，且侧重人与社会这一主题语境。新高考新动向，以说明文为主，多为指导性或者介绍 性说明文。 命题取向 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活 等各个领域。 说明文的结构特点： 1、新闻报道类：总体一细节或过程说明。 2、科普类：社会现象或变化一细节（运作原理或原因阐述）一社会效应和相关启示。 3、研究调查类：引出话题一调查结果一调查过程（方法、步骤、人员等）一对现实的影响和未来的 展望。 4、说明呈现类：总体呈现一—细节描述（中心句一般在段首）—总结。 二、技巧点拨 1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序（如事物的 发展变化)、空间顺序（如建筑结构）、逻辑顺序（因果、现象与本质）。 2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较一举例子、作比较（对比说明相异、类比说明相似）、 列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。 3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。 1 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网 学科网原创，让学司更名易！ JP.ZXXK.COM 学科网精品频道全力推荐 三、典题例析 典题例1 (2023春.重庆长寿高三重庆市长寿中学校校考阶段练习)The sky turned orange and the hospitals were in chaos.Thousands of Iraqis came to emergency rooms complaining that they could not breathe.Some had to be put on respirators.Schools closed and airports cancelled flights.Life came to a stop amid a cloud of dust. Such scenes have occurred almost weekly in Irag since April.In decades past,two or three big sandstorms were expected every year.This spring,Iraq has already recorded at least eight.Sandstorms have always been a fact of life in the Middle East,and are now growing more frequently and intensely. Scientists say dust storms are complex and poorly understood,but their main causes are natural.In 2015,some people blamed a fierce summer storm in the Levant on Syria's civil war thinking that military vehicles travelling through fields kicked up enough dust to blanket the region.Researchers at Princeton University later cited a more ordinary mix of unusual heat and strong winds as its reason,not gunners. Still,people plainly contribute to the problem.Demand for water is making a dry region even drier.A World Bank study in 2019 found that human actions,such as over-exploiting rivers and lakes.produce a quarter of the Middle East's dust.Iran has drained wetlands for farming.Turkish dams on the Tigris and Euphra